Nepal's area has increased to 1,47,641.28 square kilometers

August 30, Kathmandu. The Curriculum Development Center has prepared a textbook covering the total area of ​​Nepal. According to Education, Science and Technology Minister Giriraj Mani Pokharel on Tuesday, the total area of ​​Nepal is 147,641.28 square kilometers.

According to Komal Chandra Baral, one of the authors of the book, the book covers about 460.28 square kilometers of the Limpiyadhura Lipulek area, including Lipu Bhanjyang between Lipulek and Kalapani in northwestern Nepal. The Limpiyadhura area was not included in the area of ​​147,181 square kilometers mentioned earlier.

The book has been prepared according to the new political and administrative map of Nepal including Limpiyadhura, Kalapani and Lipulek made public by the government on May 20.

A meeting of the National Curriculum Development and Evaluation Council on 19 August has decided to approve the use of this book as a reference material at the school level.

What's in the book

The book is intended to help students and the general public develop awareness and sensitivities to protect their nation, nationality and geographical integrity. Education Minister Pokharel informed that. He says the book will also be useful in identifying the causes of border disputes, identifying ways to resolve disputes, and developing sensitivities and appropriate approaches.

The main topics covered in the book are:

- Nepal's ancient, medieval, including AD. Historical context of the expansion and contraction of Nepal's borders and territory up to the Sugauli Treaty of 1816

- Concept of International Boundary, Principles, Identification of Place of Origin in River Border, Boundary Disputes, Causes of Boundary Disputes and Brief Information on Resolution Measures

- Demarcation of Nepal's borders, border relations with neighboring countries China and India, border disputes and efforts to resolve

-Because of border disputes between Nepal and India, especially in the Limpiyadhura, Kalapani, Lipulek areas of Nepal encroached by India in the northwestern border area, resolution, and related historical, administrative and geopolitical evidences.

- Brief information about encroachment of Susta area of ​​Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Sustapaschim)

- Updated map making practice of Nepal and topics related to the introduction and use of maps

- Some instructions for teachers regarding the use of this material and the activities to be done inside and outside the classroom

- List of various treaties and agreements related to Nepal's borders, including the Sugauli Treaty

Some facts and evidence that Nepal is up to Limpiyadhura

The book was written by Komal Chandra Baral, a campaigner of Save the Border Campaign, Sher Bahadur Gurung, a geographer and cartographer of Tribhuvan University, and Keshav Raj Dhakal, a geographer and textbook writer.

Article 5 of the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 BS (1873 BS) seems to have established Nepal's border up to the Kali River, saying that Nepal would not claim the western part of the Kali River. From this, it is clear that the eastern part of Nepal, including the Kalindi River. About 541.6 (542 sq km) of Nepali territory of Limpiyadhura, Kalapani and Lipulek areas has been encroached by India.

Maps published at that time, the map of Nepal mentioned in the request letter of the then Government of Nepal for membership of the United Nations on July 22, 1949 (July 7, 2006) , The instructions of the administrators, correspondence and other documents are included in the book.

Conclusions of various border experts and researchers who prove that the northwestern branch of Kutiyangdi, which originates from Limpiyadhura, is the real Kali River and the geography of the east is Nepal.

(A) The main river is the longest river with the largest catchment area as per the rules of river system.

(B) Analyzing river science using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing‐

•  The length of Kali, Lipu and Tinker rivers is 66.78, 24.21 and 29.92 km respectively. Min. Being
• The catchment area of ​​Kali, Lipu and Tinker rivers is 779.56, 253.64 and 457.55 sq km respectively. Being The fact that the length and area of ​​the Kalindi here is greater than that of other nearby rivers proves that it is the original northwestern branch of the Kalindi.
• Analyzing the order of the river and the number of branches, Kali, Lipu and Tinker rivers are 5, 3, 4 and 116, 27, 47 respectively.

According to a 1998 field study, the flow of the Kali and Lipu rivers is 22 and 7 cubic meters per second (m3 / s), respectively. According to this fact, the river flowing from the northwestern branch has a lot of water, so it is mentioned in the book that the same branch is the source of the river Kalindi.

The political map of India published by the Survey of India on November 3, 2076 BS included Limpiyadhura, Kalapani, Lipulek and other areas of Nepal. It seems that Nepal has repeatedly initiated formal and informal talks to resolve the issue of its encroachment through diplomatic dialogue. But India has been ignoring Nepal's call.

The Ministry of Land Management, Poverty Alleviation and Cooperatives has made public the political and administrative map of Nepal after India ignored Nepal's efforts to resolve the border issue through dialogue.